Kiln.



No. 633,407. Patented Sept'lQ, |899. J. T. WINDSOR.

KILN.

(Appljcation filed Mar. 17, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No. 633,407. Patented Sept. I9, |899.

J. T. WINDSOR.

KILN.

(Application filed Mar. 17, 1899.) .'No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shee 2'.

JOHN' TWINDSOR.

NTTED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN T. WINDSOR, OE AKRON, OHIO.

KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 633,407, dated September 19, 1899.

Application filed Marcl117, 1899. Serial No. 709,410. (No model.)

To @ZZ when@ it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN T VINDSOR, a citizen of the United States, residi-n g at Akron, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and I do declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to kilns for burning bricks, tiles, and earthenware of various kinds; and the invention consists of a kiln having combined up and. down drafts and constructed and operating substantially as shown and described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a cross-section of myimproved kiln on a line corresponding to l l, Fig. 4, this being an updraft-section. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional elevation of the lower portion of the kiln on line 2 2, Fig. l, disclosing the up and down drafts as they appear alternately on this line, and a further interpretation of which will be found in Fig. 4, which is a plan view of part of the bottom. Fig. fi is a vertical cross-section of the kiln ou line 3 3, Fig. 4, and is a downdraft-section. Fig. -f is a plan view, partly in section, of a portion of the bottom of the kiln corresponding to line l 4, Fig. 3.

A represents the outer wall or body of the kiln, including the side walls and dome, and while a rectangular form of kiln is here shown the form or shape really is not material, and one thatis circular or oval may be used, if preferred. The matter of proportions of course appertains simply to the art of building and need not be considered here.

A is the bottom or floor of the kiln, in which much of the present invention resides, and hence its peculiarities should be carefully examined and understood.

As has already been suggested, my invention belongs to the type of kilns in which both updraft and downdraft are utilized, thus getting the highest possible per cent.'of heatunits or efficiency out of the whole volume of heat and also diffusing the heat in such inanner that it will do the most perfect work possible in kilns of this kind. Of course uniformity in the distribution of the heat throughout the kiln is a prime desideratum, because only in this way do I obtain uniform results upon the ware or stock exposed, and thus also do I avoid a destructive effect by excess of heat at one point and total lack and Ainefficiency at another point. Now, having these effects in View, I have a floor A', provided with alternating up and down draft-fines separated by walls 2, running entirely across the kiln from side to side, and at the ends of the up or inlet ues on each side are suitable furnaces B. These furnaces are so arranged as to discharge at the rear and top into the ends of the up-lues, and each furnace has a relatively small air-inlet h to the top thereof, controlled by any suitable means, an Ordin ary slide-valve b' being shown in this instance. The inlet or updraft flues are described as extending entirely across the kiln, and so they do; but yet each flue having a furnace at each end is practically divided or broken in two at the middle by a cross-wall 3, standing centrally in the open outlet or discharge a into the kiln. This has been found important to protect each fluesection from the effect of the opposite furnace. It may occur that there is considerably more energy or heat flowing out of one furnace than the other by reason of the Wind or other cause, and the one having the heavier draft is liable to choke the weaker one unless protected by the walls Vtith this wall each furnace has an unobstructed outlet into the kiln, and the heat agents or products of combustion of both flow out together at theA middle ofthe kiln, and thence up to the dome, where it is deflected and passes back through the products to the outlet-fines.

A further distinguishing novelty of the up or inlet flues is their series of two or more IOO discharge the heat without passingl into the downdraft at all; but this is not generally preferable, or by withdrawing dampers h3 I can let the heat iiow directly into the kiln without going through the updraft-flues, or I can take more or less heat in here and let a part go through the lines.

Now referring to the downdraft or outlet fines, they will be seen as lying between the updraftfines and having a series of relativelysmall openings t' in rows extending the entire length of said fiues from side to side of the kiln, and beneath the door A with these openings the said ltlues have parallel walls 7,with a series of perforations 8 through the walls for the passage of the escaping heat into the outlet-passages 9, 10, and 1l, Fig. 3. These passages are graduated in. cross-section, increasing in size toward the wall of the kiln, where it is most difficult to keep the heat at an even tempera-ture with the middle of the kiln. From these downdrafts 9, 10, and 11 the heat discharges into the common exit-ducts 12, and thence out at 13 to the smoke-stack.

By the foregoing construction a kiln is produced which will burn any clay product without using the material itself as a medium to form tlues, as some combined up and down draft kilns have to do; but the kiln has its own complete flues serving every purpose. Then, again, I obtain and hold absolute control of all the heatat all times, Whether using the updraft or the downdraft principle alone or together.

It will be noticed as a distinguishing and novel feature of this invention that both the heat passages or ducts leading from the furnace to the kiln have their opening or outlet in the angle of the furnace at the top or rear and that the air-inlet b in the top thereof owing to its location permits a sufficient quantity of cold air to be drawn in along the top of the furnace and into thev horizontal updraftflue. The inrush of air is regulated by damp'er b and is intended to act as a barrier to prevent the heat from rising up through the vertical passage into the kiln, even if the damper b2 therein is Withdrawn. By the proper regulation of the two dampers b' and b2 a division of the heat through the direct vertical passage and the horizontal updraftflue can be obtained. The operation of the kiln is as follows: The furnaces being fired, the heat generatedenters the horizontal updraft-flues, wherein it passes through the numerous transverse openings in the dividingwalls 4, and by'means of which is uniformly distributed in the flue itself to heat the floor of the kiln above before passing out at the opening a, located in the middle of the kiln. The heat now passes up and about the ware andV then comes down and goes through the small openings 6 in the floor scattered over the entire lengt-h ofthe doWndraft-fiues. These flues have passages divided by perforated walls, and the heat in the passages diffuses through said perfor-ations to the central passage, where it escapes through the graduated outlet-passages 8 il 10 into the exitduct12 and thence out at the common passage 13 to the smoke-stack. Under certain conditions and when burning certain kinds of ware it is desirable to regulate the temperature and also the amount of heat. To that end the air-inlet and its damper b are used, sometimes with and other times without the damper b2 in the vertical side passage or direct flue. lVhen the kiln is cold, damper b2 is closed, which allows all the heat to go through the npdraft-iiue. Vhen the kiln becomes too hot, dampers b and b2 are opened to allow a certain amount of cold air from opening b in the roof of the furnace to pass up the vertical discharge for the purpose of keeping the ware or brick opposite the ver- Vtical fine at the top and sides of kiln from becomingr too hot and promoting a more equal burning of the same. This iiow of the cold air from opening b -to the vertical flue acts as a barrier or check upon the heat from the furnace at the mouth of the said iiue and practically causes the entire heat of the furnace to enter the horizontal or updraft iiue.

What I claim is- 1. In kilns substantially as described, an npdraft-flue with an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end, and a series of walls runninglengthwise of the flue apart from the side walls thereof and apart from each other and perforated for the even distribution of heat, in combination with a downdraft-flue horizontally in the bottom of the kiln having inlet-openings scattered over its top and parallel perforated walls between its sides and ends, and graduated outlets at its bottom, substantially as described.

2. In kilns, a doWndraft-lue' horizontally in the bottom of the kiln having inlet openings scattered over its top and parallel perforated walls between its sides and ends, and graduated outlets at its bottom having the largest outlets at the walls of the kiln, substantially as described.

3. A kiln having a furnace at each side and an updraft-fiue between said furnaces with an opening into the kiln substantially midway its length and a division-Wall across said iiue midway said opening, a series of perforated Walls running lengthwise of said iiue and forming passages therein for the equal distribution of heat, in combination with a downdraftflue having inlet-openings scattered over its top and parallel perforated walls between its sides and ends, and graduated outlets at its bottom having the largest outlets at the side walls of saidkiln, substantially as described. l

et. The up and down draft kiln and furnace combined., said parts constructed with both a horizontal and a vertical discharge from the furnace into the kiln out of the same anglel in the top and end of the furnace, a cold-air IOO IIO

inletin Ishe roof of the furnace nearsaid angle a level with the mouth of the Vertical disand substantially on a level with the mouth charge and the mouth of the horizontal dis of the Vertical discharge and the lop of the charge, and dampers for said Vertical dis- 15 mouth of the horizontal discharge, and means charge and inlet-opening, substantially as de- 5 to regulate the flow of air through said airi scribed.

inlet, substantially as described. l lVitness my hand to the foregoing; specifi- 5. The up and downdraft kiln and furnace 1 cation this 6th day of March, 1899. combined, said parts constructed with both a T ,1 vertical and horizontal discharge into the kiln I JOID l' XVINDSOR I Witnesses: i I-l. T. FISHER, l R. MOSER.

1o out of Jche saine angle in the top and end of Lhe furnace, a cold-air inlet in the roof of the furnace near said angle and substantially on 

